Homologous and Analogous Traits

a.Two species that possess a homologous traits are humans and bats. Humans are members of the hominin clade which a class of apes that possess erect posture manual dexterity. Bats are mammals who possess fore limbs that allows flight.
b. The trait are the bones of the front limb. Both of the limbs have the same overall structure and end in five digits. They differ in function by humans using their limbs for many things such as picking up an objects or using force towards something while bats can use their limbs for flying. Another difference, that while both species can use their hands for picking up objects, humans have more precision when doing so.
c. A common ancestor shared between these two are primates because both animals posses forelimbs that performed some of the function that both of the species possess.
d.



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a. Two species that posses analogous traits are birds and insects. Birds are creatures who have feathers and beaks. Insects are invertebrate creatures that have three-part bodies.
b. Both of these creatures have wings that perform the same function of flight. They differ because birds have bones in their wings while insects do not. Another difference is that insects can have multiple pairs of wings while birds only have one.
c. The common ancestor of these two species could have possessed the trait of wings because flight was essential in survival for many species. These traits are analogous because some wings insects and birds live in completely different environments and sometimes the wings can perform different functions.
d.

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Thomas Malthus's Influences on Charles Darwin

Thomas Malthus is a a British economist and demographer who is famous for his theory of population. This theory stated that if the population of mankind were to grow uncontrollably, it would exceed the rate at which food is grown. He also believed that if it exceeded beyond this rate, then the population would crash due to a natural phenomena such as famine or disease. Another idea he developed was that naturally mankind is a lazy animal and would be complacent in life as long as there was food on the table. When the rate of food production is outweighed by the increase of population, mankind would decide to work harder to make up for the lack of food. Overall, this concept is necessary and is the reason mankind survives on Earth over other species.

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/thomas-malthus-theory-of-population.html

Malthus's idea contributes to these concepts of evolution: resources are limited and the helpful traits that organisms have will change as the environment changes. The earth most definitely does not have unlimited resources to feed every person on the planet. If this were the case, no one would ever die go hungry, but throughout history, this has not been the case. Malthus's theory influences the idea of limited resources by establishing to mankind that even with the population at his time was not the perfect size because not every person was being fed. Therefore, an higher increase of the current population would most likely spark the natural phenomena he stated before. He also influences the ideas of adaptive traits because he states that mankind becomes complacent when there is enough food for everyone. When the amount of food one can obtain changes, the lazy attitudes of humans change. Laziness is an example of a trait that changes when the environment changes, with the environment being the supply of food. Ultimately, Darwin was influenced by these concepts to create his idea of natural selection. When  resources are limited, which naturally happens due to the increase of human population, mankind will adapt and survive thus supporting the idea of natural selection.

Darwin could still develop the idea of natural selection without Malthus because natural phenomena
 is not the only way the population would crash. It could also be caused by conflict of resources through wars and battles. If there are too many people for the resources provided, some people will do something about it, even if it means to fight one another. War and conflict is not always caused by overpopulation but sometimes from the human nature itself of bettering oneself. This is essentially the concept of natural selection in that people will fight one another because one may feel that others are weak and are wasting resources. War and conflict has nothing to do with Malthus's ideas.
The attitude of the church affected Darwin's work by making him hesitant to publish his work.

Darwin knew people would reject his ideas, so one could say that the church made his more more refined because he  would have to make sure that ideas were as clear as possible before publishing it. He was presenting ideas that went against the Church and the best way to convince people is make sure that he explains it the best he could.

If I was stuck on a desert island...

If I could only take two items with me while being stranded on a desert island, I would take a smartphone and a sun-powered charger for it. The smartphone would allow me to make any calls for a possible rescue or would provide information on how to survive on the island. This would allow me to survive any kind of obstacles the island would throw at me. The charger would simply allow the phone to last forever without dying.