Tuesday, May 26, 2015

Communication



I performed this experiment with my older brother and it was quite an interesting experience. The assignment was difficult because I had to do something that was quite out of the ordinary and something I was not used to. My brother had to alter his way of talking by making sure he would ask mostly yes or no questions because answering yes or no with a simple head movement is the easiest way to communicate. The most difficult part of this assignment was that my brother could not ask very descriptive or detailed questions because it was very hard for me to give him an easy to understand answer.
                My brother was in control of most of the conversations because he had to start all of the topics. It was mostly him asking questions and me acknowledging him through yes or no answers. As for a balance of power, my brother had most of the power because he was able to speak and I could not. It was hard for me start anything in the conversation because I usually rely on words to say what I am thinking and I did not know how to communicate without words.
                If there were two cultures, one who could communicate through language and one that could not, the ones who could speak would have the advantage. This is because in this instance, both groups of people can hear things but one is at a disadvantage because they cannot speak. If the non-speaking group does not understand something from the other group, it harder for them to explains their thoughts while the speaking group could explain in different words what they are trying to say. The speaking culture might even display attitudes of frustration towards the other group because they simply cannot understand everything they are trying to communicate. One situation where this occurs is when communicating with an infant. They do not have the ability to speak but they can express their feelings through crying or pointing at something.
                I used my big brother again to communicate without any body movements. The experience was much easier then not speaking because I was able to relay my thoughts. Although it was not as easy without the use of my hands, I simply used more words or used a certain tone to help him understand what I was trying to say. My brother did not believe it was too hard to understand me without body language because I was being very descriptive. One may believe that we use our body as a way of conveying emotions or out current moods, but I believe the tone of one’s voice can help relay what their current mood was.
                I do not think signs in our language are that important because we can still understand each other well enough without it. Through hand gestures and such, one could more easily tell one’s or maybe be able to point someone in the right direction when they are looking for something, but I do not think it is that important.
                A benefit to being able to read someone’s body language is that they can tell what one may be thinking without even talking to them. This can apply to maybe meeting a stranger for the first time or trying to talk to someone that does not want to talk to you. We experience both of these situations more often then we think.
                Children can have difficulty reading body language such as when their parents are highly stressed and they constantly ask for something. A situation where reading someone’s body language is not that beneficial is possibly when one has an encounter with a criminal. The criminal may seem to be nice at first but inside their minds they could want to bring you harm instead.
               

Tuesday, May 12, 2015

Piltdown Hoax



The Piltdown hoax was an event in the 1900s when fossils were discovered that seemed to reveal evidence of an unknown human. These remains were found by Charles Darwin and his team and at the time, became one of the biggest discoveries the world has ever seen. Later after Darwin’s death, scientists discovered the whole find to be a hoax and from there on scientists began to be suspicious and cautious of all scientific finds after that. The human faults that may come into play in this scenario is that some people have a high sense of pride in anything. Unfortunately, in the scientific world this can become a problem. In the scientific world, these prideful people will most likely do anything to get noticed; maybe even lie if they could get away with it. In the instance of the Piltdown man, Darwin stop providing consistent evidence after his find and there after the discovery became a hoax. The scientific process proved the Piltdown man to be a hoax because no evidence of the same nature of the Piltdown man was found after Charles Darwin’s death. This is one of the factors that may have rose suspicions about his discovery. It is not possible to remove the “human” factor from science because humans give science value. The point of discovering all of this information is to further mankind and create human culture for future generations. This is what makes humans different from other species because we find much value in our discoveries. The life lesson we can take from this event is to make sure one provide evidence for their finds and to provide consistent evidence from there on. If we follow all the steps of the scientific process, then we can always separate the fraudulent information from the truth.

Wednesday, May 6, 2015

Social Systems within Primates



Sifaka-lemurs(Prosimians/Strepsirhini representative)
-Most species live in Madagascar, The environment that they prefer is rainforestand they like to live at high elevations in trees. The climate is usually humid and warm, 
-They are herbivores so food is not too scarce most of the time also because they can live with each other, mostly deal with destruction of forest habitats by hunters
-Females take priority over males when feeding, they feed first and males get punished if they break this code
-They are usually social because they can mix with other lemur groups no problem and lemurs do not usually fight with lemurs
-They live in small groups up to 13 members.
-polyandry, males compete for females
-The groups change constantly because males move from group to group, often looking for female mates.
-The environment influences their social and mating patterns by allowing different lemur groups to mesh with each other. Because the trees are at high elevation, the only other life they see is other lemurs. Also there are many chances for mates due to the ability to move groups.
 Propithecus coquereli 02.jpg
Spider Monkey(New World Monkey/Platyrrhini representative)
-They live in Central and South America in tropical forests in upper layers of rainforest.
-They are social animals that can live in groups of 35 or more.
-Considered the most intelligent new world monkeys.
-They are usually in danger from humans because they are often sought after as meat because of their large size
-They live by the system of fusion fission –a large loose group that breaks into small groups usually to forage food.
-They are polygamous-one female to many males.
-The environment influences them to be hostile towards other species especially humans, since they are hunted.
 Peruvian Spider Monkey, AKA The Black -Faced Black Spider Monkey ...
Olive Baboon(Old World Monkey/Cercopithecidae representative)
-They are savanna-dwelling creatures that live in wide plains of the grasslands, rainforests and desert.
-Adult females have sexual swellings near their genital areas that attract more males according to how large it is. These females tend to have babies more often.
-They can live in groups ranging from 15-150 with few males and many females.
-There is a social ranking system where females and daughters rank the highest and males are ranked depending on how long they have been in the group and who their female mate is.
-Males will fight other males for female partners and this can make them very violent.
-Females and males can create strong nonsexual bonds called “friendships.”
-Females may reproduce with many males while males tend to stick to one partner.
-Being able to live in different habitats allows for them to freely change groups and meets others with not as much risk. This also allows the species to have more variety and expand due to this diversity.
 
Lars Gibbon (Lesser ape/Hylobatidae representative)
-They live in primary lowland and submotane rainforest, mixed deciduous bamboo forest and seasonal evergreen forest.
-They can become isolated from each other due by large rivers in the area.
-Monogamous family pairs sometimes polyandry pairs
-Live in very small groups
-Monogamous
-Not as social because each family has its own territory
-The anti-social life means that they are not as diverse and the population is not as big. The seperation from rivers also causes this non-diversity.
 Lar gibbon
Chimpanzee(Great ape/Hominidae representative)
-Can live in many different environments such as rainforest, mountain areas and savannahs.
-Omnivorous diet
-Their social system consists of beta males and one alpha male
-They develop socially complex relationships with each other.
-large multi male and multi-female social groupscalled communities
-The Alpha male is not necessarily the strongest or biggest but is actually the one who has convinced the most people through his political abilities.
-The ability to live many environments allows the species to become very diverse and this diversity has led to why the species is so intelligent and has a complex social system.

Thursday, April 30, 2015

Homologous and Analogous Traits

a.Two species that possess a homologous traits are humans and bats. Humans are members of the hominin clade which a class of apes that possess erect posture manual dexterity. Bats are mammals who possess fore limbs that allows flight.
b. The trait are the bones of the front limb. Both of the limbs have the same overall structure and end in five digits. They differ in function by humans using their limbs for many things such as picking up an objects or using force towards something while bats can use their limbs for flying. Another difference, that while both species can use their hands for picking up objects, humans have more precision when doing so.
c. A common ancestor shared between these two are primates because both animals posses forelimbs that performed some of the function that both of the species possess.
d.



\
a. Two species that posses analogous traits are birds and insects. Birds are creatures who have feathers and beaks. Insects are invertebrate creatures that have three-part bodies.
b. Both of these creatures have wings that perform the same function of flight. They differ because birds have bones in their wings while insects do not. Another difference is that insects can have multiple pairs of wings while birds only have one.
c. The common ancestor of these two species could have possessed the trait of wings because flight was essential in survival for many species. These traits are analogous because some wings insects and birds live in completely different environments and sometimes the wings can perform different functions.
d.

Friday, April 24, 2015

Thursday, April 16, 2015

Thomas Malthus's Influences on Charles Darwin

Thomas Malthus is a a British economist and demographer who is famous for his theory of population. This theory stated that if the population of mankind were to grow uncontrollably, it would exceed the rate at which food is grown. He also believed that if it exceeded beyond this rate, then the population would crash due to a natural phenomena such as famine or disease. Another idea he developed was that naturally mankind is a lazy animal and would be complacent in life as long as there was food on the table. When the rate of food production is outweighed by the increase of population, mankind would decide to work harder to make up for the lack of food. Overall, this concept is necessary and is the reason mankind survives on Earth over other species.

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/thomas-malthus-theory-of-population.html

Malthus's idea contributes to these concepts of evolution: resources are limited and the helpful traits that organisms have will change as the environment changes. The earth most definitely does not have unlimited resources to feed every person on the planet. If this were the case, no one would ever die go hungry, but throughout history, this has not been the case. Malthus's theory influences the idea of limited resources by establishing to mankind that even with the population at his time was not the perfect size because not every person was being fed. Therefore, an higher increase of the current population would most likely spark the natural phenomena he stated before. He also influences the ideas of adaptive traits because he states that mankind becomes complacent when there is enough food for everyone. When the amount of food one can obtain changes, the lazy attitudes of humans change. Laziness is an example of a trait that changes when the environment changes, with the environment being the supply of food. Ultimately, Darwin was influenced by these concepts to create his idea of natural selection. When  resources are limited, which naturally happens due to the increase of human population, mankind will adapt and survive thus supporting the idea of natural selection.

Darwin could still develop the idea of natural selection without Malthus because natural phenomena
 is not the only way the population would crash. It could also be caused by conflict of resources through wars and battles. If there are too many people for the resources provided, some people will do something about it, even if it means to fight one another. War and conflict is not always caused by overpopulation but sometimes from the human nature itself of bettering oneself. This is essentially the concept of natural selection in that people will fight one another because one may feel that others are weak and are wasting resources. War and conflict has nothing to do with Malthus's ideas.
The attitude of the church affected Darwin's work by making him hesitant to publish his work.

Darwin knew people would reject his ideas, so one could say that the church made his more more refined because he  would have to make sure that ideas were as clear as possible before publishing it. He was presenting ideas that went against the Church and the best way to convince people is make sure that he explains it the best he could.

Sunday, April 12, 2015

If I was stuck on a desert island...

If I could only take two items with me while being stranded on a desert island, I would take a smartphone and a sun-powered charger for it. The smartphone would allow me to make any calls for a possible rescue or would provide information on how to survive on the island. This would allow me to survive any kind of obstacles the island would throw at me. The charger would simply allow the phone to last forever without dying.